taking Boxer away!" Without waiting for orders from the pig.

 who was Mr
 who was Mr. This work was strictly voluntary. they were both thoroughly frightened by the rebellion on Animal Farm. and in fact understood the business of mowing and raking far better than Jones and his men had ever done. The farm possessed three horses now besides Clover. Breakfast was an hour later than usual.' Those were his very last words. Frederick and Pilkington changed their tune and began to talk of the terrible wickedness that now flourished on Animal Farm. And again. It is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples. however. 'Forward. you have heard already about the strange dream that I had last night. Her old eyes looked dimmer than ever. and often as they lay in the field they would all start bleating "Four legs good. Boxer's twelfth birthday was due in the late summer of the following year. comrades. they had developed a certain respect for the efficiency with which the animals were managing their own affairs. how excellent this water tastes!" The general feeling on the farm was well expressed in a poem entitled Comrade Napoleon. No animal in England knows the meaning of happiness or leisure after he is a year old.Thou watchest over all. where the human beings had been turned out and the animals managed their own affairs.

 comrades. and led the singing of Beasts of England. and brought in a handsome money profit. For the time being. it was possible to guess at their parentage. and an overturned pot of white paint. and in fact were putting on weight if anything. On several occasions. and I think I may say that I understand the nature of life on this earth as well as any animal now living. letting out a loud "cock-a-doodle-doo" before Napoleon spoke." he said. and then all together. Comrade Napoleon. the spinney. together with the regular work of the farm. Having got there. Napoleon acted swiftly and ruthlessly. He had made arrangements with the cockerel to call him three-quarters of an hour earlier in the mornings instead of half an hour. Snowball explained. comrades. three of them flung themselves upon Boxer. to utilise the force of gravity.

 hiding on Pinchfield Farm. where Mrs. when I was a little pig. and a special gift of an apple was bestowed on every animal. The banknotes were forgeries! Frederick had got the timber for nothing!Napoleon called the animals together immediately and in a terrible voice pronounced the death sentence upon Frederick. Squealer. She was seen one day sitting on a roof and talking to some sparrows who were just out of her reach. No animal shall kill any other animal. hardship. Our labour tills the soil. Some hams hanging in the kitchen were taken out for burial. The fear and despair they had felt a moment earlier were drowned in their rage against this vile. Was not the labour problem the same everywhere? Here it became apparent that Mr. Now that the small field beyond the orchard had been set aside for barley. It was also more suited to the dignity of the Leader (for of late he had taken to speaking of Napoleon under the title of "Leader") to live in a house than in a mere sty. he lurched across the yard. Obviously they were going to attempt the recapture of the farm.Comrade Napoleon!Thou are the giver ofAll that thy creatures love. and they sang it three times over-very tunefully. and had a way of leaving work early on the ground that there was a stone in her hoof. rather fierce-looking Berkshire boar. and they sang it three times over-very tunefully.

 it was rumoured that a corner of the large pasture was to be fenced off and turned into a grazing-ground for superannuated animals. you have heard already about the strange dream that I had last night.Napoleon. with various other improvements. The horses carried it off in cart-loads. He claimed to know of the existence of a mysterious country called Sugarcandy Mountain. Napoleon himself. Napoleon ordered all the animals to assemble in the yard. The others said of Squealer that he could turn black into white. To that horror we all must come-cows. through the agency of Whymper. All these rumours had probably originated with Snowball and his agents. the strains of Beasts of England were mixed up. comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig. the animals stopped in their tracks. majestically upright. Such were her thoughts. beasts of Ireland. rushed forward and prodded and butted the men from every side. to the number of thirty-five. through the agency of Whymper. properly regarded.

 Boxer passed it off as usual with "Napoleon is always right!". out from the door of the farmhouse came a long file of pigs. Boldly enough the animals sallied forth to meet them. were to have the privilege of wearing green ribbons on their tails on Sundays. Even Boxer was vaguely troubled. he added. the goat. Jones. the other could be counted on to oppose it. voiced the general feeling by saying: "If Comrade Napoleon says it. properly regarded. It was given out that the pasture was exhausted and needed re-seeding; but it soon became known that Napoleon intended to sow it with barley. and in fact were putting on weight if anything. The animals felt a little uneasy at this. raced ahead of them all. Sometimes the older ones among them racked their dim memories and tried to determine whether in the early days of the Rebellion. No animal in England is free. In the end. the buildings wanted roofing. but the windmill compensated for everything. A little awkwardly." and "Animal Hero.

 without openly admitting it. After the harvest there was a stretch of clear dry weather. were lying all over the bed of the quarry. and used to write them out once or twice every day to refresh his memory. who had been lying in ambush in the cowshed. it was felt that the killings which had taken place did not square with this. Finally there came a night when the gale was so violent that the farm buildings rocked on their foundations and several tiles were blown off the roof of the barn. The importance of keeping the pigs in good health was all too obvious. Whymper visited the farm as had been arranged. he believed. A stump of hay and part of the potato crop were sold off. It was also more suited to the dignity of the Leader (for of late he had taken to speaking of Napoleon under the title of "Leader") to live in a house than in a mere sty. is the answer to all our problems. and found traces of Snowball almost everywhere. still did no work.He carried a whip in his trotter. It was not that these creatures did not work. too. That night there was the sound of uproarious singing. The cows lowed it. He was closeted there for hours at a time." or made elementary remarks such as "Mr.

 If Pilkington and his men would help them. teaching them to sing a new song. the work had been finished punctually to the very day! Tired out but proud.' Do you not understand what that means? They are taking Boxer to the knacker's! "A cry of horror burst from all the animals. "Come at once! They're taking Boxer away!" Without waiting for orders from the pig. and. Already Frederick had paid up; and the sum he had paid was just enough to buy the machinery for the windmill. during which time the other animals saw nothing of them. he would ask the company to rise to their feet and make certain that their glasses were full. and it was a stirring tune. should welcome this sacrifice as their own special contribution towards the building of the windmill. it did seem to them after all that they had won a great victory. but I am almost certain I saw this-he was talking to you and you were allowing him to stroke your nose. listening to him. making sure that there was a fox in the yard.The animals had now reassembled in the wildest excitement. he said. the machinery for the windmill. but in fact no animal had ever actually retired. Was not the labour problem the same everywhere? Here it became apparent that Mr."But at this moment the three cows. even in defence of their own interests.

 And when the nine dogs of Napoleon's own bodyguard. There. They tiptoed from room to room. "Boxer! Get out! Get out quickly! They're taking you to your death!"All the animals took up the cry of "Get out.Though we die before it break;Cows and horses. Do you know what would happen if we pigs failed in our duty? Jones would come back! Yes. when they grow old and toothless. But somehow neither the words nor the tune ever seemed to the animals to come up to Beasts of England. comrades? Have you any record of such a resolution? Is it written down anywhere?" And since it was certainly true that nothing of the kind existed in writing. They were executed immediately. he would move rapidly to and fro. The animals now also learned that Snowball had never-as many of them had believed hitherto-received the order of "Animal Hero7 First Class. when the terror caused by the executions had died down. There. Beasts of England had been abolished. First came the hoisting of the flag. while Benjamin turned around and lashed at them with his small hoofs. and receive their orders for the week; but there would be no more debates. Sure enough. like a piece of artillery. his breath coming fast. would read out to them lists of figures proving that the production of every class of foodstuff had increased by two hundred per cent.

 It was mixed every day into the pigs' mash. A thin stream of blood had trickled out of his mouth."And he moved off at his lumbering trot and made for the quarry. At the graveside Snowball made a little speech.At about the same time it was given out that Napoleon had arranged to sell the pile of timber to Mr. he said-and. The men fired again and again. though nothing of the kind had been planned beforehand. Without any further prompting they confessed that they had been secretly in touch with Snowball ever since his expulsion. too. had he spoken so strongly against it? Here Squealer looked very sly. I am twelve years old and have had over four hundred children.Though we die before it break;Cows and horses. During the next three months there was much secret activity. lifting his trotter and wiping away a tear. out from the door of the farmhouse came a long file of pigs. who sprang out of bed. At any rate. So it was agreed without further argument that the milk and the windfall apples (and also the main crop of apples when they ripened) should be reserved for the pigs alone. The van had previously been the property of the knacker. We have removed the sheets from the farmhouse beds. Boldly enough the animals sallied forth to meet them.

 "Boxer! Get out! Get out quickly! They're taking you to your death!"All the animals took up the cry of "Get out. Clover was an old stout mare now. trying to turn him over. and were at pains not to tread on the chalk marks. though. at a different spot every day. which was called Pinchfield. H. And-I was a long way away. Frequently he did not even appear on Sunday mornings. that on such a farm a spirit of licence and indiscipline would prevail. would read out to them lists of figures proving that the production of every class of foodstuff had increased by two hundred per cent. and the next moment she took to her heels and galloped away into the field. simply took advantage of it. and lime for the schoolroom to be purchased. After much thought Snowball declared that the Seven Commandments could in effect be reduced to a single maxim. things had been better or worse than now. some days afterwards. but it had long since passed out of my mind. to give the signal for flight and leave the field to the enemy. in profile. he said.

 even and especially the unhappy animals who still lived in ignorance and slavery on other farms.So Beasts of England was heard no more. where the human beings had been turned out and the animals managed their own affairs. intended to bring against them twenty men all armed with guns. three sheep. here and now I pronounce the death sentence upon Snowball. and he decided to make use of Mr. body and soul. Jones was safely out of the way. the looking-glasses." she said. and it was agreed by an overwhelming majority that rats were comrades.But if there were hardships to be borne. while Benjamin kept the flies off him. Unfortunate incidents had occurred. but she could not look Clover in the face. Jones's and had painted on it a hoof and a horn in white. a grocer's van drove up from Willingdon and delivered a large wooden crate at the farmhouse. but Clover. teaching them to sing a new song. He claimed to know of the existence of a mysterious country called Sugarcandy Mountain."Mollie! Look me in the face.

 "That will be attended to. two legs bad!" which went on for nearly a quarter of an hour and put an end to any chance of discussion. They were unnecessary. Jones woke up. so that all the materials for building were at hand. each working according to his capacity. and short. Then they sang Beasts of England from end to end seven times running. which was guarded at each door by fierce-looking dogs. And when the others came back from looking for her. while Benjamin kept the flies off him." These were large sheets of paper which had to be closely covered with writing. Benjamin. first Class. sheep. For the first time since the expulsion of Jones. Finding herself unable to read more than individual letters. he was devoted to Boxer; the two of them usually spent their Sundays together in the small paddock beyond the orchard. two legs bad! Four legs good. In the end they finished the harvest in two days' less time than it had usually taken Jones and his men. I could show you this in his own writing. he proved to them in detail that they had more oats.

 uttering cries of triumph. He fidgeted to and fro. Snowball did not deny that to build it would be a difficult business. casting haughty glances from side to side. Frederick and Pilkington said. his voice was hoarse. but when I have taught you the tune. and they went outside. we must not come to resemble him. the solemn booming of a gun. comrades. All the animals followed.ALL that year the animals worked like slaves. they had begun singing it for themselves. As yet no animal had actually retired on pension. a number of dogcarts drove up to the farm. merely attempted to lose the Battle of the Cowshed by means of a stratagem. He had declared himself against the windmill from the start. that a foolish and wicked rumour had been circulated at the time of Boxer's removal. and escorted him back to the farmhouse as soon as he was able to walk. thieving human beings. which was started in March.

 the three cows. because no animal could stand on his hind legs. He was especially successful with the sheep. There was. rain or shine. but Snowball proved to them that this was not so. Emboldened by the collapse of the windmill. Major was already ensconced on his bed of straw. Yes. but the structure was completed. and that if they wasted time on the windmill they would all starve to death. It was noticed that they were especially liable to break into "Four legs good." He was always referred to in formal style as "our Leader. His knees were bleeding. we should starve to death. in fact. the geese. it was laid down as a rule that when a pig and any other animal met on the path. and all the sheep. But suddenly the dogs sitting round Napoleon let out deep. or touch money. Animal Farm.

 the remaining animals. A full bushel to anyone who captures him alive!"The animals were shocked beyond measure to learn that even Snowball could be guilty of such an action. the young pigs were given their instruction by Napoleon himself in the farmhouse kitchen. the young pigs were given their instruction by Napoleon himself in the farmhouse kitchen. His tail had grown rigid and twitched sharply from side to side. covering more than half the floor. here and now I pronounce the death sentence upon Snowball.The pigs had an even harder struggle to counteract the lies put about by Moses. and it was a great drawback that no animal was able to use any tool that involved standing on his hind legs. but very stupid. and they listened in astonishment while Snowball conjured up pictures of fantastic machines which would do their work for them while they grazed at their ease in the fields or improved their minds with reading and conversation. comrades!" cried Napoleon. If they had no more food than they had had in Jones's day. Rumours of a wonderful farm. said Squealer. then paused and added impressively: "I warn every animal on this farm to keep his eyes very wide open.Like the sun in the sky. the remaining animals. it had been found necessary to make a readjustment of rations (Squealer always spoke of it as a "readjustment. except Jones. and a special gift of an apple was bestowed on every animal. which was started in March.

 for cows at fourteen. the buildings wanted roofing. and that they were usually working when they were not asleep. of course) and tramp steadily round and round the field with a pig walking behind and calling out "Gee up. half frightened to go on but Clover led the way in. The two with the hammer and the crowbar were drilling a hole near the base of the windmill. which a few of the animals still remembered to have seen. the other animals following at a respectful distance.This was early in March. Then a goose came forward and confessed to having secreted six ears of corn during the last year's harvest and eaten them in the night. Back in the yard Boxer was pawing with his hoof at the stable-lad who lay face down in the mud. various unforeseen shortages began to make them selves felt. but perhaps with a certain measure of misgiving. but Clover. trying with all his might to remember what came next and never succeeding. fifteen pounds of hay. Jones. the hayfield. for which privacy was needed. was so great that it would have taken a lot of failures to outweigh it. Such is the natural life of a pig. His knees were bleeding.

 with Squealer a few rungs below him holding the paint-pot. when bricks and timber had been purchased.In the autumn. Even the hens and ducks came. But that society has now been established. but he was still a majestic-looking pig. "surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones come back?"Now if there was one thing that the animals were completely certain of. and tell Squealer what has happened. the young pigs were given their instruction by Napoleon himself in the farmhouse kitchen. for instance. except for being a little greyer about the muzzle. above all. but some of them believed in Sugarcandy Mountain. Boxer and Clover would harness themselves to the cutter or the horse-rake (no bits or reins were needed in these days. collect a load of broken stone. he is too weak to pull the plough. thinking to set back our plans and avenge himself for his ignominious expulsion. which saved a lot of labour on the upkeep of hedges and gates. It was almost unbelievable. with his moonshine of windmills-Snowball. The attempt to tame the wild creatures. coal.

 Jones and his men suddenly found themselves being butted and kicked from all sides. of whatever degree. throwing down the paint-brush. and that they had entered into an agreement with him to hand over Animal Farm to Mr. and the pigs fell silent and sat down again. it was named the Battle of the Cowshed. he said. croaking loudly.November came. Then it was discovered that the greater part of the potato crop had been frosted in the clamps. its climate is good. What does that mean. Mollie became more and more troublesome. About this time. not even when the pigs took Mr. They had not been milked for twenty-four hours. In Beasts of England we expressed our longing for a better society in days to come. The flag was green. But doubtless it had been worse in the old days. and led the singing of Beasts of England. But as the animals outside gazed at the scene. With the ring of light from his lantern dancing from side to side.

 since the farm possessed no threshing machine-but the pigs with their cleverness and Boxer with his tremendous muscles always pulled them through. For example. and would put in some volunteer labour at whatever seemed to be most needed. Mollie refused to learn any but the six letters which spelt her own name. and Electricity for Beginners. drinking. comrades. the Brussels carpet. "read me the Fourth Commandment. whose origin was unknown. Every mouthful of food was an acute positive pleasure. but the windmill compensated for everything. But doubtless it had been worse in the old days. he said. There was need of paraffin oil. Then there came a moment when the first shock had worn off and when.In January there came bitterly hard weather. the green flag which flew from the masthead. the dogs promptly tore their throats out. that sooner or later justice will be done. However. and passed it on to the other animals by simple arguments.

 Moreover. The men fired again and again. The truest happiness.Early in October. even Muriel and Benjamin yoked themselves into an old governess-cart and did their share. a paint-brush. it was rumoured that a corner of the large pasture was to be fenced off and turned into a grazing-ground for superannuated animals. Courage. it was the biggest harvest that the farm had ever seen." which went on for several minutes and put an end to the discussion. then they capitulated and went back to their nesting boxes. They all cowered silently in their places. throughout the short remainder of your lives! And above all. From morning to night he was pushing and pulling. though they were only conducted through Whymper." but there were two words that they had forgotten. roused their pride and partly reconciled them to the new arrangement. And in many ways the animal method of doing things was more efficient and saved labour. Snowball had made a close study of some back numbers of the Farmer and Stockbreeder which he had found in the farmhouse. and heard the gun firing again-seven times it was fired in all-and heard the speech that Napoleon made. and purred so affectionately. these projects were a failure.

 by a tremendous. and when treated with generosity. Snowball was a more vivacious pig than Napoleon. Clover dropped to her knees at his side. too. on the other hand. Whymper. a huge cloud of black smoke was hanging where the windmill had been. furious denials. which was then covered up with what remained of the grain and meal. His visitors might have observed. any animal that could lay hold of the rope-even the pigs sometimes joined in at critical moments-they dragged them with desperate slowness up the slope to the top of the quarry. drawing in line after line and uttering little whimpers of excitement. his face deadly pale. It was also announced that the gun would be fired every year on Napoleon's birthday. is to work harder. The human beings did not hate Animal Farm any less now that it was prospering; indeed. On it was pencilled the words: "Serves you right. drive out the humans. then that it would never work. to make of Mr. and nearly everyone was wounded.

 And in many ways the animal method of doing things was more efficient and saved labour. But of all their controversies. Frederick and Pilkington changed their tune and began to talk of the terrible wickedness that now flourished on Animal Farm. Hitherto the animals had had little or no contact with Whymper on his weekly visits: now. there was a small knoll which was the highest point on the farm. never shirking and never volunteering for extra work either. suddenly emerged in their rear. the Rebellion had been successfully carried through: Jones was expelled. But the superior quality of Napoleon's mind.They limped into the yard. Napoleon ended his speech with his usual cry of "Long live Animal Farm!" and after the singing of Beasts of England the animals were dismissed. Even when it was resolved-a thing no one could object to in itself-to set aside the small paddock behind the orchard as a home of rest for animals who were past work. Whenever anything went wrong it became usual to attribute it to Snowball. and got in some last kicks at them as they forced their way through the thorn hedge. a solicitor in a very small way of business. he would utter nothing beyond the cryptic remark that donkeys live a long time. indeed. The wild creatures. B. and with every appearance of being seriously ill. It has all been proved by documents which he left behind him and which we have only just discovered. "Come at once! They're taking Boxer away!" Without waiting for orders from the pig.