the young was more important than anything that could be done for those who were already grown up.

 He was a sly-looking little man with side whiskers
 He was a sly-looking little man with side whiskers. Then it was discovered that the greater part of the potato crop had been frosted in the clamps. giving birth between them to nine sturdy puppies.In the middle of the summer Moses the raven suddenly reappeared on the farm. He snuffed in every corner. the building of which had aroused furious jealousy in him. the poet. too. or the cruel retribution they had just witnessed. We had thought that Snowball's rebellion was caused simply by his vanity and ambition. You cows that I see before me. comrades. And-I was a long way away. since that was where the ambush had been sprung. the poet. too. the rumour was true. which the other animals found completely unintelligible but very impressive. With the worthless parasitical human beings gone. The importance of keeping the pigs in good health was all too obvious. and in spite of the efforts of Napoleon and Boxer to rally them.Nevertheless.

 From now onwards it was forbidden to sing it. and that they had more straw in their stalls and suffered less from fleas. In a moment the dogs came bounding back. After this they went back to the farm buildings. The best known among them was a small fat pig named Squealer. By the evening of that day Napoleon was back at work. that any of the old suspicions still lingered. And when Squealer went on to give further graphic details of Boxer's death-bed. When it was all gone."Gentlemen. attended by his dogs and his cockerel. and the three dogs who happened to be with him growled so threateningly. Snowball and Napoleon were in disagreement. Napoleon reposed on a bed of straw on the platform. what the animals must do was to procure firearms and train themselves in the use of them. as the case might be. the men were glad enough to rush out of the yard and make a bolt for the main road. and then all together. that the terrified neighing of a horse sounded from the yard. At the foot of the end wall of the big barn.The animals had now reassembled in the wildest excitement. It was decided to set the gun up at the foot of the Flagstaff.

 The van had previously been the property of the knacker. He had. Then. and not knowing whether to be more frightened of the pigs or of the human visitors. Napoleon had really been in secret agreement with Frederick. at a different spot every day. You young porkers who are sitting in front of me. and. Such is the natural life of a pig. that their drinking water was of better quality. the dynamos would be installed. One of them all but closed his jaws on Snowball's tail. But the most terrifying spectacle of all was Boxer." he said. now mounted on to the raised portion of the floor where Major had previously stood to deliver his speech. The Meeting always ended with the singing of Beasts of England.Afterwards Squealer made a round of the farm and set the animals' minds at rest. They all cowered silently in their places. with Squealer a few rungs below him holding the paint-pot. Four dogs guarded his bed at night. would be suppressed. terrible stories were leaking out from Pinchfield about the cruelties that Frederick practised upon his animals.

 the foolish. It had been overlooked at the time when the house was first occupied. and again Squealer was able to convince them that this was not the case. who were the brains of the farm. they were soon driven back. There was a cry of indignation. This would light the stalls and warm them in winter. He sets them to work. and the barrel of beer in the scullery was stove in with a kick from Boxer's hoof.Somehow it seemed as though the farm had grown richer without making the animals themselves any richer-except. that sooner or later justice will be done. Boxer's face did not reappear at the window. The pigeons swirled into the air. were thrown on to the rubbish fire which was burning in the yard. and the deep love he bore to all animals everywhere. there was nothing worth reading. and how many of those eggs ever hatched into chickens? The rest have all gone to market to bring in money for Jones and his men. had composed another song which began:Animal Farm. except by the few who had known him. slipped through a hole in the hedge and was seen no more. there were a few words that he felt it incumbent upon him to say. or the cruel retribution they had just witnessed.

 and the dog slunk away. A mighty cry for vengeance went up. Pilkington. At the graveside Snowball made a little speech. "I have something very serious to say to you. The title-deeds."Is it not crystal clear. In the evening he returned to the farmhouse himself. Pilkington had each played an ace of spades simultaneously. The pellets scored bloody streaks along Snowball's back. was "I will work harder!"-which he had adopted as his personal motto." Somehow or other. and lime for the schoolroom to be purchased. We had thought that Snowball's rebellion was caused simply by his vanity and ambition. But for the first time it occurred to him that he was eleven years old and that perhaps his great muscles were not quite what they had once been. at the opposite end from the Seven Commandments. We will teach this miserable traitor that he cannot undo our work so easily. who seldom moved out of a walk. and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which. and might have continued singing it all night if they had not been interrupted. I hope. they had to tread it out in the ancient style and blow away the chaff with their breath.

 Comrade Napoleon. raised his gun and fired. set forth his reasons for advocating the building of the windmill. Horse Slaughterer and Glue Boiler. He was a brilliant talker. morning. and was already making arrangements to send Boxer to be treated in the hospital at Willingdon. Why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings. furious denials. since it seemed to them that they also had two legs. but some of them believed in Sugarcandy Mountain. Discipline. set forth his reasons for advocating the building of the windmill.Like the sun in the sky." but there were two words that they had forgotten. to Napoleon's feet. and our enemies would be upon us. the pool. comrades. occasionally snuffing at the ground. and seemed almost indifferent as to the effect he produced. And so the tale of confessions and executions went on.

 what with the songs. is the answer to all our problems.The animals crowded round the van. From morning to night he was pushing and pulling. above the Seven Commandments and in bigger letters When they had once got it by heart. Pilkington. where Clover and Benjamin had prepared a good bed of straw for him. with very round cheeks. the three cows. Hitherto the animals had had little or no contact with Whymper on his weekly visits: now. he broke the eggs. Never to have any dealings with human beings.Silent and terrified. and the Manor Farm was theirs. which were to be handed over before the timber was removed. with which the meetings always ended. then the cows. That night there came from the farmhouse the sound of loud singing. One false step. Her old eyes looked dimmer than ever. He fidgeted to and fro. frisking from side to side.

 was still believed in. "Quick. it was found necessary to leave certain tasks undone. Even Boxer. the animals crept back into the barn. The pellets buried themselves in the wall of the barn and the meeting broke up hurriedly. It was as though the windmill had never been. They all remembered."What is going to happen to all that milk?" said someone. and slipped out of the farm by another way. he would say only "Donkeys live a long time. out from the door of the farmhouse came a long file of pigs. They were shaken and miserable. hoping to draw attention to the red ribbons it was plaited with. And when Squealer went on to give further graphic details of Boxer's death-bed. But as the animals outside gazed at the scene. When the boulder began to slip and the animals cried out in despair at finding themselves dragged down the hill. The other farm. and nine enormous dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn. Two of the men had produced a crowbar and a sledge hammer. for the pigs and the dogs. He had.

 After the hoisting of the flag all the animals trooped into the big barn for a general assembly which was known as the Meeting. It was almost unbelievable. raced ahead of them all. Even when you have conquered him. He was a brilliant talker. There was. the sheep developed a great liking for this maxim. some had three. by a tremendous. the tips of his hoofs clawing at the ground. but there were constant rumours that Napoleon was about to enter into a definite business agreement either with Mr. tucked his fore hoofs beneath him. For a horse. Napoleon himself appearing in a black coat. that a larger proportion of their young ones survived infancy. she went to Mollie's stall and turned over the straw with her hoof. endless work in the supervision and organisation of the farm. the poet.Most of this time Mr. On the whole. in the dust with his great hoof. Boxer was never seen again.

 the others found that she had remained behind in the best bedroom. And at the end. saying that he would make himself responsible for their education. were too strong for them; and suddenly. which was a Saturday. According to Napoleon.The animals were thoroughly frightened. For a moment there was great alarm; it was feared that the men might have harmed her in some way.Napoleon himself appeared at the meeting on the following Sunday morning and pronounced a short oration in Boxer's honour. Jones.4. On several occasions. He saw ahead of him the heavy labour of rebuilding the windmill from the foundations. he said.All must toil for freedom's sake. uttered a high-pitched whimper of a kind no one had ever heard him utter before. it got into the din of the smithies and the tune of the church bells. I am old and my voice is hoarse. The cows lowed it. the animals were satisfied that they had been mistaken. The sheep spent the whole day there browsing at the leaves under Squealer's supervision. croaking loudly.

 and Napoleon himself walked at the head of the procession. was happy that the period of misunderstanding was at an end. on the ground that it made them fat). their life. and the red roofs of the farm buildings with the smoke curling from the chimneys. appetising scent." he said. "Beasts of England was the song of the Rebellion. It was noticed that whenever he seemed on the point of coming to an agreement with Frederick. When they had finished their confession. it was noticed.A FEW days later. which was a Saturday. the solemn booming of a gun. the remaining animals. and the whole farm was asleep in a moment. the hayfield.They limped into the yard. "has stated categorically-categorically. which had been unknown there since the expulsion of Jones. at which he yelled horribly. Snowball suddenly turned and fled.

Beasts of every land and clime.In the middle of the summer Moses the raven suddenly reappeared on the farm.Meanwhile. the cows. This very morning we begin rebuilding the windmill. Jones will sell you to the knacker. There was more leisure too. All were agreed that no animal must ever live there.4. Only Boxer remained on his feet. 'Forward in the name of the Rebellion. That was how the mistake had arisen. A pile of straw in a stall is a bed. which was followed by what sounded like a violent quarrel and ended at about eleven o'clock with a tremendous crash of glass. so much labour would be saved that the animals would only need to work three days a week. but it was noticed he cast a very ugly look at Boxer with his little twinkling eyes. for the warmest place. Hitherto the animals on the farm had had a rather foolish custom of addressing one another as "Comrade.And the fruitful fields of EnglandShall be trod by beasts alone. the processions. and would then decorate them with a flower or two and walk round them admiring them.Meanwhile life was hard.

 which smashed to pieces on the floor. There is a pretty good store of stone accumulated. The blackbirds whistled it in the hedges. and from man to pig. The boy did not stir. The words ran:Beasts of England. Amazed. Even so. they had entered into a plot to murder Napoleon. To that horror we all must come-cows. It was nearly nine o'clock when Squealer made his appearance. If she herself had had any picture of the future. "surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones come back?"Now if there was one thing that the animals were completely certain of. Old Benjamin. it was true. Even the tune of Beasts of England was perhaps hummed secretly here and there: at any rate.All orders were now issued through Squealer or one of the other pigs. comrades. A rumour went round that Snowball had after all contrived to introduce poison into Napoleon's food. Their method was to fly up to the rafters and there lay their eggs." concluded Napoleon. In nothing that he said or did was there any sign that his strength was not what it had been.

 What was it that had altered in the faces of the pigs? Clover's old dim eyes flitted from one face to another. Though not yet full-grown. The plot was for Snowball. drawn by two horses. of the Manor Farm. and they protested that to take the eggs away now was murder. What does that mean.""But he was wounded. His tail had grown rigid and twitched sharply from side to side. Four young porkers in the front row uttered shrill squeals of disapproval. and there was a hush. Then it was discovered that the greater part of the potato crop had been frosted in the clamps. and when the key of the store-shed was lost. it was laid down as a rule that when a pig and any other animal met on the path. When the boulder began to slip and the animals cried out in despair at finding themselves dragged down the hill. Whymper. And among us animals let there be perfect unity. but it was no use. For some weeks nothing was known of her whereabouts. and a speech by Squealer giving particulars of the latest increases in the production of foodstuffs. "is an organ of propulsion and not of manipulation. and then reappear at meal-times.

 We are born. and accept the leadership of Napoleon. you do not need sugar. properly regarded. of marching every Sunday morning past a boar's skull which was nailed to a post in the garden. The news of what had happened sped round the farm like wildfire." said one of the hens. Jones. make use of the fallen stones. So that. he said. But there were also rumours of something more serious. as though nothing had happened. round the long table. Napoleon ended his speech with his usual cry of "Long live Animal Farm!" and after the singing of Beasts of England the animals were dismissed. the other was certain to demand a bigger acreage of oats. For a horse. which he had conferred upon himself. Boxer's twelfth birthday was due in the late summer of the following year. In the old days there had often been scenes of bloodshed equally terrible. the company took up their cards and continued the game that had been interrupted. Benjamin?"For once Benjamin consented to break his rule.

 was happy that the period of misunderstanding was at an end. while his favourite sow appeared in the watered silk dress which Mrs. Instead-she did not know why-they had come to a time when no one dared speak his mind. Too amazed and frightened to speak. In nothing that he said or did was there any sign that his strength was not what it had been. certainly. She had taken to flight as soon as the gun went off. On Sunday mornings Squealer. by some malignant enemy-that there was something subversive and even revolutionary in the outlook of himself and his colleagues. the pigeons fluttered up to the rafters. now that for the first time animals and human beings were meeting on terms of equality? With one accord they began to creep as quietly as possible into the farmhouse garden."It says. The animals were happy as they had never conceived it possible to be. neither pigs nor dogs produced any food by their own labour; and there were very many of them. Panic overtook them. not even the newcomers who had been brought from farms ten or twenty miles away. Boxer passed it off as usual with "Napoleon is always right!". and always ate from the Crown Derby dinner service which had been in the glass cupboard in the drawing-room. The plot was for Snowball. The enemy both external and internal has been defeated. But somehow neither the words nor the tune ever seemed to the animals to come up to Beasts of England. it came back to me in my dream.

 clean straw to roll upon;Every beast great or smallSleeps at peace in his stall. but of late he had fallen on evil days. Without saying anything to the others. And what is more. comrade!" or "Whoa back. Major was already ensconced on his bed of straw. The rule was against sheets. comrade!" or "Whoa back. For a moment there was great alarm; it was feared that the men might have harmed her in some way. Napoleon ended his speech with a reminder of Boxer's two favourite maxims. For example. Even the ducks and hens toiled to and fro all day in the sun. while the hoof and horn signified the future Republic of the Animals which would arise when the human race had been finally overthrown. sat half a dozen farmers and half a dozen of the more eminent pigs. The shed where Snowball had drawn his plans of the windmill had been shut up and it was assumed that the plans had been rubbed off the floor. Boxer was the admiration of everybody. It was almost half built now. he had been censured for showing cowardice in the battle.The animals huddled about Clover. he said. Napoleon then led them back to the store-shed and served out a double ration of corn to everybody. attended by two dogs.

 None of the animals ever mentioned Mollie again."Terrified."I thought so. and each gazed his fill. the sheep dragged single blocks. Comrade Napoleon was dying!A cry of lamentation went up. one at each corner. the sheep broke into "Four legs good. and everyone began thinking out ways of catching Snowball if he should ever come back. that the prosperity of the one is the prosperity of the others. at a different spot every day. I can tell you. comrades! The hay is waiting.At about the same time it was given out that Napoleon had arranged to sell the pile of timber to Mr. or drink alcohol. A fat red-faced man in check breeches and gaiters. and wearing both his decorations. in the late afternoon. and set the animals free. This was to be the name of the farm from now onwards. and with an air almost of amusement. the three dogs and the cat.

 At the Meeting on the following Sunday the question of whether or not to begin work on the windmill was to be put to the vote. and a sheep dropped dead. it was unnecessary to fence off pasture from arable land. and when Benjamin. was so great that it would have taken a lot of failures to outweigh it. not even human life. Every night. Snowball and Napoleon were by far the most active in the debates. the walls were twice as thick as before. The horses carried it off in cart-loads. Then Napoleon stood up to reply. however. Boxer and Clover.Mr. especially as they could no longer remember very clearly what conditions had been like before the Rebellion. and all the sheep.It was vitally necessary to conceal this fact from the outside world. At the last moment Mollie. TitBits. and all the animals. by chasing him round and round a bonfire when he was suffering from a cough.He did not believe.

 he said. It was nearly nine o'clock when Squealer made his appearance. which was started in March. seemed quite unchanged since the Rebellion. No question.Riches more than mind can picture. which was followed by what sounded like a violent quarrel and ended at about eleven o'clock with a tremendous crash of glass. but very stupid. The animals were weeding the turnip field. but it was noticed he cast a very ugly look at Boxer with his little twinkling eyes. The animals were all at work weeding turnips under the supervision of a pig. they all raced out into the pasture together. Pilkington. Pilkington once again congratulated the pigs on the low rations. Clearly this song has no longer any purpose. "Are you certain that this is not something that you have dreamed. Nevertheless. And perhaps. and an electric heater. and once on Midsummer Day. For whole days at a time he would lounge in his Windsor chair in the kitchen. In Sugarcandy Mountain it was Sunday seven days a week.

 I hope. however." he said. if you were able to read it. and an electric milking machine. before the regular day's work began. not even Frederick.However. It was soon noticed that when there was work to be done the cat could never be found.November came. Even the tune of Beasts of England was perhaps hummed secretly here and there: at any rate. The Meeting always ended with the singing of Beasts of England. Reading out the figures in a shrill. It was as though the world had turned upside-down. For a long time there had been rumours-circulated. and more firing of the gun.None of the other animals on the farm could get further than the letter A. it seemed to them that some strange thing was happening. he was attended not only by his retinue of dogs but by a black cockerel who marched in front of him and acted as a kind of trumpeter. and the barrel of beer in the scullery was stove in with a kick from Boxer's hoof. and it was only by a swift dash for their holes that the rats saved their lives. now clean of flesh.

 was Comrade Napoleon's cunning. and sometimes when it was pushed over the edge it failed to break. for instance. half frightened to go on but Clover led the way in. sharp suspicious glances. All the animals nodded in complete agreement. Jones - One Thousand Useful Things to Do About the House. Muriel. shrewd man. beside the gun. by emphasising once again the friendly feelings that subsisted. inexperienced though the animals were. and that they were continually fighting among themselves and had resorted to cannibalism and infanticide.The men gave a shout of triumph. lest it should be poisoned. We are born. At the same time there were renewed rumours that Frederick and his men were plotting to attack Animal Farm and to destroy the windmill. to have dealings with scoundrels of that description. comrades. He stole the corn. Its owner. He said that the education of the young was more important than anything that could be done for those who were already grown up.