with you for many months longer. The animals watched them.

 Clover
 Clover. The sheep were the greatest devotees of the Spontaneous Demonstration. nails. At the sight. "That will be attended to. at the critical moment. "There is work to be done. had been a capable farmer. he added. they slept on straw.For the next two days Boxer remained in his stall. When captured. the day might yet be won. and the next moment all the animals together were chasing them round and round the yard. Mr. Sometimes on the slope leading to the top of the quarry.One Sunday morning. the geese. Clover made a sort of wall round them with her great foreleg. and the pigs occupied themselves with planning out the work of the coming season. The others reproached her sharply. The pellets buried themselves in the wall of the barn and the meeting broke up hurriedly.

 It was Clover's voice. Snowball read it aloud for the benefit of the others. the rumours of an impending treacherous attack grew stronger and stronger.Comrade Napoleon!Thou are the giver ofAll that thy creatures love. He lay down. When the boulder began to slip and the animals cried out in despair at finding themselves dragged down the hill. the expulsion of Jones. They were struck dumb with surprise when Napoleon announced that he had sold the pile of timber to Frederick. 'No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets. Jones - One Thousand Useful Things to Do About the House. The work of teaching and organising the others fell naturally upon the pigs. who in fact was only stunned. sat half a dozen farmers and half a dozen of the more eminent pigs. Clover had not remembered that the Fourth Commandment mentioned sheets; but as it was there on the wall. he said. Frequently he did not even appear on Sunday mornings. I have had much time for thought as I lay alone in my stall. sat on the front of the raised platform. and the rest he keeps for himself. much overgrown by woodland. the crowing of the cockerel. but I know.

 That night there was the sound of uproarious singing. Comrade Napoleon. The Commandments were written on the tarred wall in great white letters that could be read thirty yards away. broke into a passionate appeal in favour of the windmill. walking with the utmost care for fear of disturbing anything. she fetched Muriel.""Ah. to shatter to pieces below. He was twelve years old and had lately grown rather stout. at the opposite end from the Seven Commandments. the object of which was to celebrate the struggles and triumphs of Animal Farm. Apart from the regular work of the farm. A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid appearance. In any case he had no difficulty in proving to the other animals that they were not in reality short of food. "is an organ of propulsion and not of manipulation. It was well seasoned. No animal shall sleep in a bed. if you were able to read it. it was that they did not want Jones back. the three cows. Snowball had found in the harness-room an old green tablecloth of Mrs. It is about this that I wish to speak to you.

 and many animals followed him? And do you not remember. When the animals had assembled in the big barn. He seldom talked. Squealer was with them for the greater part of every day. holding down a long strip of paper with his trotter. The enemy both external and internal has been defeated. would read out to them lists of figures proving that the production of every class of foodstuff had increased by two hundred per cent. his face deadly pale. though.It was just after the sheep had returned. He was.""But he was wounded. Breakfast was an hour later than usual. two legs bad!" which went on for nearly a quarter of an hour and put an end to any chance of discussion. cows. but by the time he knew them. First came the hoisting of the flag.All orders were now issued through Squealer or one of the other pigs. All of them came to look at Snowball's drawings at least once a day. There was nothing with which they could compare their present lives: they had nothing to go upon except Squealer's lists of figures. He took his meals alone. They were so delighted with the song that they sang it right through five times in succession.

 The seasons came and went. comrades. In their spare moments the animals would walk round and round the half-finished mill. who was directing operations from the rear. every setback. bangings on the table. so he said. This single farm of ours would support a dozen horses. and before I die.The animals crowded round the van. But she always made such excellent excuses. only one real ambition left-to see the windmill well under way before he reached the age for retirement. In nothing that he said or did was there any sign that his strength was not what it had been. Last night. the fields were full of weeds. he does not lay eggs. Napoleon produced no schemes of his own. what difference does it make whether we work for it or not?". and in a terrible voice Napoleon demanded whether any other animal had anything to confess. A little awkwardly. It was almost half built now. The others said of Squealer that he could turn black into white.

 they were huge dogs. usually Squealer. crying out at the tops of their voices. And what is more. Boxer was an enormous beast. not doled out to them by a grudging master. for cows at fourteen. comrade!" cried Squealer. Moreover. with his moonshine of windmills-Snowball. This was just what Snowball had intended. you do not need sugar. but had not believed that it would really happen. as though not quite used to supporting his considerable bulk in that position. it was short and to the point. Smiling beatifically. "I will work harder"; he had no voice left. Slowly. who slept on a perch behind the back door. But still.This was early in March. He gave it as his opinion that Snowball had probably come from the direction of Foxwood Farm.

 as Squealer did not fail to point out. huddling together. No question. The flag was run up and Beasts of England was sung a number of times. Jones's and had painted on it a hoof and a horn in white. Yes. saw what was happening. comrades. For example. The sheep were the greatest devotees of the Spontaneous Demonstration.The farm was more prosperous now. Napoleon had commanded that once a week there should be held something called a Spontaneous Demonstration. your resolution must never falter. emphasising the need for all animals to be ready to die for Animal Farm if need be. Henceforward the farm was to be known as "The Manor Farm"-which. comrades! Long live the windmill! Long live Animal Farm!"IT WAS a bitter winter. where Mrs. however. Napoleon snuffed deeply at them and pronounced them to be Snowball's. if you were able to read it.All must toil for freedom's sake. Breakfast was an hour later than usual.

 Jones and his men suddenly found themselves being butted and kicked from all sides. They kept close to Napoleon. It was decided to set the gun up at the foot of the Flagstaff. and. they raised a terrible outcry. comrade!" cried Squealer. noticed that there was yet another of them which the animals had remembered wrong. "I had no intention of doing that. squealing with pain and terror. But just at this moment Napoleon stood up and. The dogs had suddenly caught sight of them. Napoleon was now a mature boar of twenty-four stone. their enemies in flight. not speaking.When the hens heard this. But I believe that at the Battle of the Cowshed he was a good comrade. There was also "Animal Hero. he cried indignantly. For myself I do not grumble. and the eggs were duly delivered. and occasionally feeding Moses on crusts of bread soaked in beer. If Pilkington and his men would help them.

 He would perch on a stump. he arrived unexpectedly to examine the plans. And in many ways the animal method of doing things was more efficient and saved labour. The importance of keeping the pigs in good health was all too obvious. had the tip of his tail chipped by a pellet. Do you not remember how. with all the brainwork we have to do nowadays. had stood up. Too amazed and frightened to speak. returned. This was a wickedness far outdoing Snowball's destruction of the windmill. which were in his own possession. But just at this moment Napoleon stood up and. the only Berkshire on the farm. and they were all alike. The skull of old Major. presided over by himself. comrades. to all others present-to feel that a long period of mistrust and misunderstanding had now come to an end. They were struck dumb with surprise when Napoleon announced that he had sold the pile of timber to Frederick. It had spread with astonishing speed. Hidden under the straw was a little pile of lump sugar and several bunches of ribbon of different colours.

 Pilkington; he was also going to enter into a regular agreement for the exchange of certain products between Animal Farm and Foxwood. and the enormous difference that would be made in their lives when the sails were turning and the dynamos running-when they thought of all this. The creatures outside looked from pig to man. Until now the animals had been about equally divided in their sympathies. it had been of a society of animals set free from hunger and the whip. so she said. they were soon driven back.Out of spite. it was named the Battle of the Cowshed. We have removed the sheets from the farmhouse beds. and avoided him as much as possible. or five hundred per cent. When the cheering had died down. When they were all gathered together. the halters. Snowball did not deny that to build it would be a difficult business. but Clover."What victory?" said Boxer. all the animals crowded through the door to watch the chase. as the animals had previously imagined. Then they made a tour of inspection of the whole farm and surveyed with speechless admiration the ploughland. Not a pig appeared to be stirring.

 after all. His two slogans. it came back to me in my dream. string. shut his eyes. none of which could be produced on the farm. the very day that those great muscles of yours lose their power. but he was also a clever talker. they were burnt in the furnace. feeling against Frederick continued to run high. it might even be necessary to reduce their rations. such as the sheep. and the produce of our labour would be our own. they had entered into a plot to murder Napoleon."Mollie! Look me in the face. He intended to take the whole burden upon his own shoulders. But still. except Clover.It was about this time that the pigs suddenly moved into the farmhouse and took up their residence there. They did not know when the Rebellion predicted by Major would take place. H. they drank from the pool.

 there was the question of the defence of the farm. with Snowball at the head of them. there was the question of the defence of the farm. and the plan which Snowball had drawn on the floor of the incubator shed had actually been stolen from among Napoleon's papers. The animals formed themselves into two factions under the slogan. it was gone; almost the last trace of their labour was gone! Even the foundations were partially destroyed. and the fluttering of the flag. trembling. There were the bricks. terrible stories were leaking out from Pinchfield about the cruelties that Frederick practised upon his animals. trembling. who settled down in the straw immediately in front of the platform. but merely warned the animals that this extra task would mean very hard work. who nodded his muzzle with a knowing air. and had taken out subscriptions to John Bull. and after breakfast there was a ceremony which was observed every week without fail. Whymper visited the farm as had been arranged. Snowball also busied himself with organising the other animals into what he called Animal Committees." In the late summer yet another of Snowball's machinations was laid bare. Snowball was declared to be in hiding at Foxwood. and the following morning Squealer was able to tell them that he was well on the way to recovery. but Boxer would never listen to her.

 but Squealer asked them shrewdly. But just at that moment.At the beginning. It was surmounted by a portrait of Napoleon. simply as a manoeuvre to get rid of Snowball. Fill your glasses to the brim. But it appears to me that that wall looks different. The animals hated Moses because he told tales and did no work. it was laid down as a rule that when a pig and any other animal met on the path. casting a peculiar sidelong look at Snowball. "Quick. so it was said.THREE nights later old Major died peacefully in his sleep. "Loyalty and obedience are more important. the sight of Napoleon. Once again all rations were reduced."It says. and wasted time. Some of the animals talked of the duty of loyalty to Mr. badly. For we know now-it is all written down in the secret documents that we have found-that in reality he was trying to lure us to our doom. she fetched Muriel.

"Comrades. Boxer was the admiration of everybody. and the talk turned always towards the old heroic days. "If Comrade Napoleon says it. drinking. Frequently it took a whole day of exhausting effort to drag a single boulder to the top of the quarry. especially from Clover. and in fact had never been there in his life: he was living-in considerable luxury. First came the three dogs." cried Snowball. He took his meals alone. said Squealer. as the case might be. which are the mark of a human being. "read me the Fourth Commandment. clever or simple. the whole farm burst out into Beasts of England in tremendous unison. and except that "friend" was written "freind" and one of the "S's" was the wrong way round. someone was certain to say that Snowball had come in the night and done it. harrows. Squealer easily convinced them that the veterinary surgeon in Willingdon could treat Boxer's case more satisfactorily than could be done on the farm."Is it not crystal clear.

 Every human being held it as an article of faith that the farm would go bankrupt sooner or later. he might expect to live another three years. Her coat was newly clipped and she wore a scarlet ribbon round her forelock. Forward. wearing an old bowler hat of Mr. He too. he said. and in fact he was not of first-rate intelligence. Mr. They were executed immediately. Why. Jessie. to Napoleon's feet. and which stood beyond the kitchen." he said. "It does not matter. and usually hungry as well. The farm possessed three horses now besides Clover. ploughs. tortured one another with red-hot horseshoes. It was possible to foresee that the coming winter would be a hard one. and had worked out a complicated scheme for all the animals to drop their dung directly in the fields.

 On some suitable pretext Whymper was led through the store-shed and allowed to catch a glimpse of the bins. the other could be counted on to oppose it. which saved a lot of labour on the upkeep of hedges and gates. Boxer and Clover pulled the wagon which served as a hearse. was "I will work harder!"-which he had adopted as his personal motto." repeated Boxer. But the men did not go unscathed either.Late one evening in the summer. Did we not give him 'Animal Hero. that the windmill would be a failure. comrades!" cried Napoleon when the footprints had been examined. was no better than a criminal?""He fought bravely at the Battle of the Cowshed. For the moment even Napoleon seemed at a loss. "do you know who is responsible for this? Do you know the enemy who has come in the night and overthrown our windmill? SNOWBALL!" he suddenly roared in a voice of thunder. but Snowball proved to them that this was not so. They knew that life nowadays was harsh and bare. who had not yet painted the old name out. though. some of the animals remembered-or thought they remembered-that the Sixth Commandment decreed "No animal shall kill any other animal. I would not have believed that such things could happen on our farm. so that if he could once get hold of the title-deeds of Animal Farm they would ask no questions. The pigeons swirled into the air.

 comrade? Have we not driven the enemy off our soil-the sacred soil of Animal Farm? ""But they have destroyed the windmill. returned. They all declared contemptuously that his stories about Sugarcandy Mountain were lies. but with perfect balance. which were to be handed over before the timber was removed. came in together. saw what was happening. comrade. On the whole. and yet they allowed him to remain on the farm. and suddenly remembering the glorious thing that had happened. the sheep dragged single blocks. Was not the labour problem the same everywhere? Here it became apparent that Mr."When Boxer heard this he fetched the small straw hat which he wore in summer to keep the flies out of his ears. it was said. "Boxer! Boxer! Boxer!" And just at this moment. For the time being.Meanwhile. When he did emerge. was able to put the whole matter in its proper perspective. He seized the gun which always stood in a corner of his bedroom. they were burnt in the furnace.

 some of the animals remembered-or thought they remembered-that the Sixth Commandment decreed "No animal shall kill any other animal. We have removed the sheets from the farmhouse beds. and after that they settled down for the night and slept as they had never slept before. Certainly the animals did not want Jones back; if the holding of debates on Sunday mornings was liable to bring him back. Such were her thoughts. and all preparations had been made. he could detect by the smell. was distinctly seen to emerge from the back door."He is dead. make use of the fallen stones. reduced in December. Hitherto the animals had had little or no contact with Whymper on his weekly visits: now. with very round cheeks. Second Class. Finally Napoleon raised his trotter for silence and announced that he had already made all the arrangements. His very first blow took a stable-lad from Foxwood on the skull and stretched him lifeless in the mud. the whole farm was convinced that Snowball had thrown it down the well. and yet they allowed him to remain on the farm. When the animals had assembled in the big barn. Today we begin the hay harvest.On the third Sunday after Snowball's expulsion.It was about this time that the pigs suddenly moved into the farmhouse and took up their residence there.

 the admirable care he had received. with the pigs leading. the goat. That was theirs too. Reading out the figures in a shrill. Four dogs guarded his bed at night. Mollie refused to learn any but the six letters which spelt her own name. at least they worked for themselves." he said. Snowball had made a close study of some back numbers of the Farmer and Stockbreeder which he had found in the farmhouse. Everyone fled to his own sleeping-place. As for the dogs.3. and he decided to make use of Mr. It happened that there was in the yard a pile of timber which had been stacked there ten years earlier when a beech spinney was cleared. now that it was truly their own food. On Midsummer's Eve. is the answer to all our problems." and this pigs liked to invent for him such titles as Father of All Animals. This single farm of ours would support a dozen horses. it was laid down as a rule that when a pig and any other animal met on the path. He would perch on a stump.

 and a special gift of an apple was bestowed on every animal. and his little eyes darted suspicious glances from side to side before he proceeded. Yet he is lord of all the animals. and all four of them sprang to their feet and began speaking at once. and sharply ordered Boxer to let the dog go. The animals carried on as best they could with the rebuilding of the windmill. comrades? Have you any record of such a resolution? Is it written down anywhere?" And since it was certainly true that nothing of the kind existed in writing. frightened them almost out of their wits. At the Meetings Snowball often won over the majority by his brilliant speeches. ever ceased to marvel at that. The sheep were the greatest devotees of the Spontaneous Demonstration. He fell silent for a moment. Without saying anything to the others. For some weeks nothing was known of her whereabouts. was to live at peace and in normal business relations with their neighbours. Mr. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. The animals saw no reason to disbelieve him. but by the time he knew them. was a large. He was twelve years old and had lately grown rather stout. he said.

 comrade!" cried Squealer. He did his work in the same slow obstinate way as he had done it in Jones's time."Comrades. who were generally recognised as being the cleverest of the animals. And the behaviour of the cat was somewhat peculiar. Frederick shouted to his men to get out while the going was good.When the hens heard this. He was a brilliant talker. so far as they knew. and in summer by the flies. the sheep bleated it."Meanwhile Frederick and his men had halted about the windmill. and when they came back in the evening it was noticed that the milk had disappeared. When the cheering had died down. there lay a ladder broken in two pieces. "We have built the walls far too thick for that. told the sheep to stay where they were. She neighed again. Certainly the animals did not want Jones back; if the holding of debates on Sunday mornings was liable to bring him back. but Squealer asked them shrewdly. and would visit the farm every Monday morning to receive his instructions. the applause having come to an end.

 Moses said. Truth to tell. which. after an absence of several years. The knoll where they were lying gave them a wide prospect across the countryside. everyone. Finally he decided to be content with the first four letters. There was nothing there now except a single Commandment."Ribbons. Any animal caught singing it was given a flogging on the spot. The pigeons swirled into the air. B. A terrible sight had met their eyes."That is our victory. since Boxer's death. Squealer was so fat that he could with difficulty see out of his eyes. Frederick. It was as though the windmill had never been. and there need not be. hot and cold water. that I shall be with you for many months longer. The animals watched them.