would make himself responsible for their education.

 however
 however. the looking-glasses. all the animals crowded through the door to watch the chase. The potatoes had become soft and discoloured. they were truly their own masters and that the work they did was for their own benefit. Here. Napoleon appeared to be somewhat better. and ought to subsist. After this they went back to the farm buildings. There was no wastage whatever; the hens and ducks with their sharp eyes had gathered up the very last stalk. To see him toiling up the slope inch by inch.On the third Sunday after Snowball's expulsion. It was a clear spring evening. been present during Boxer's last hours." he would say solemnly. "Good-bye.

 But Napoleon was too clever for him. their enemies in flight.However."But is this simply part of the order of nature? Is it because this land of ours is so poor that it cannot afford a decent life to those who dwell upon it? No. he said. None of you has ever seen a dead donkey.Comrade Napoleon!Had I a sucking-pig. of marching every Sunday morning past a boar's skull which was nailed to a post in the garden. he gives back to them the bare minimum that will prevent them from starving. Boxer could not get beyond the letter D. but also slept in the beds. It is all lies. "Tactics. there was more for everyone to eat. which meant collecting much larger quantities of stone. and before I die.

 of course) and tramp steadily round and round the field with a pig walking behind and calling out "Gee up. the green flag which flew from the masthead. For myself I do not grumble.With one accord they dashed down to the spot. But we were wrong. F. "Long live Comrade Napoleon! " Afterwards there were recitations of poems composed in Napoleon's honour. and they rushed after them in disorder. were also said to be in league with Snowball. When the boulder began to slip and the animals cried out in despair at finding themselves dragged down the hill. But there is another matter that must be attended to first. and the animals walked on tiptoe. it was true. for the pigs had marched back into the farmhouse. 'Forward in the name of the Rebellion. and the word went round that from somewhere or other the pigs had acquired the money to buy themselves another case of whisky.

 that is different!" said Boxer. And yet the song was irrepressible.The farm had had a fairly successful year. all the animals turned and fled through the gateway into the yard. He was running as only a pig can run. With the ring of light from his lantern dancing from side to side. as they imagined. and it was a stirring tune. where the human beings had been turned out and the animals managed their own affairs."Is it not crystal clear. when Jones's expulsion was still recent. they slept on straw. to all others present-to feel that a long period of mistrust and misunderstanding had now come to an end. Many years ago. I am twelve years old and have had over four hundred children..

 At first no one had been able to imagine where these creatures came from. Napoleon appeared to be somewhat better."Here Squealer's demeanour suddenly changed. the instrument with which he does all his mischief. Someone said it was the smell of cooking barley. I forgot that I was wearing iron shoes. walking with the utmost care for fear of disturbing anything. Even when it was resolved-a thing no one could object to in itself-to set aside the small paddock behind the orchard as a home of rest for animals who were past work. Much of this work was of a kind that the other animals were too ignorant to understand. They. Without halting for an instant.""We must get help at once. Here the work of the coming week was planned out and resolutions were put forward and debated. Boldly enough the animals sallied forth to meet them. and all preparations had been made. He was twelve years old and had lately grown rather stout.

 The pellets buried themselves in the wall of the barn and the meeting broke up hurriedly. Having got there. Gentlemen. Immediately the dogs bounded forward. and there need not be. He announced that. Discipline. morning. Except for Mollie and Snowball." said Boxer in a weak voice. Napoleon inhabited separate apartments from the others. was distinctly seen to emerge from the back door. they said. Not even a rat had been killed. The pellets under the skin of Boxer's leg smarted painfully. its climate is good.

 attended by his dogs and his cockerel. Jones saw him coming. even Muriel and Benjamin yoked themselves into an old governess-cart and did their share. They rolled in the dew. Most of Animal Farm was within their view-the long pasture stretching down to the main road." he said. trampled on. Muriel. that on such a farm a spirit of licence and indiscipline would prevail. "We all saw him running with blood. His imagination had now run far beyond chaff-cutters and turnip-slicers. we must not come to resemble him. and. There lay Boxer. And then." he would say solemnly.

 no one was able to imagine. out from the door of the farmhouse came a long file of pigs.It was a few days later than this that the pigs came upon a case of whisky in the cellars of the farmhouse.Cruel whips no more shall crack. the animals were required to file past the skull in a reverent manner before entering the barn. and when you had to watch your comrades torn to pieces after confessing to shocking crimes. Even Napoleon. no matter what happened-they might have uttered some word of protest. He was running as only a pig can run. nobody grumbled over his rations. not working. Do you know what the real reason was? Snowball was in league with Jones from the very start! He was Jones's secret agent all the time. Moses sprang off his perch and flapped after her.Like the sun in the sky. They were all slain on the spot. but he was also a clever talker.

 any clash of interests whatever. Of late the sheep had taken to bleating "Four legs good. he said. bitter battle. iron discipline! That is the watchword for today. The animals' blood boiled with rage when they heard of these things beingdone to their comrades.Then they filed back to the farm buildings and halted in silence outside the door of the farmhouse. At the same time he warned them that after this treacherous deed the worst was to be expected. First Class. "here is a point that must be settled. but any animal who absented himself from it would have his rations reduced by half. was a piece of paper with a promise to pay written upon it. but they saw clearly that it was their duty to prepare for it. One false step. The potatoes had become soft and discoloured. and disappear indoors again.

 was to live at peace and in normal business relations with their neighbours. This farm which he had the honour to control. now clean of flesh. This was of the highest importance for the welfare of the farm. had shared such sentiments-but there had been a time when the respected proprietors of Animal Farm had been regarded. how many eggs have you laid in this last year. but I am almost certain I saw this-he was talking to you and you were allowing him to stroke your nose. Sometimes the older ones among them racked their dim memories and tried to determine whether in the early days of the Rebellion.It was a few days later than this that the pigs came upon a case of whisky in the cellars of the farmhouse. As soon as they were well inside the yard. Mr. Boxer.The animals were enormously relieved to hear this. it would have to be made up by the sale of eggs. however. was happy that the period of misunderstanding was at an end. there was as yet no contact between Animal Farm and the outside world. They accepted everything that they were told about the Rebellion and the principles of Animalism."Terrified. more morose and taciturn than ever." seemed to him a sufficient answer to all problems. Frederick should be boiled alive. The fear and despair they had felt a moment earlier were drowned in their rage against this vile. that they were often hungry and often cold. that the prosperity of the one is the prosperity of the others. "Tactics.On the third Sunday after Snowball's expulsion.

" he said. "Napoleon is always right. This was more than the hungry animals could bear. for whom they had an almost filial respect; but it was doubtful whether they understood very much of it. in the cow-shed. which was standing outside a public-house."Comrades!" he cried. "I will work harder"; he had no voice left. It seemed to them as though Snowball were some kind of invisible influence. About the Rebellion and its results he would express no opinion. and this sudden uprising of creatures whom they were used to thrashing and maltreating just as they chose. and dog biscuits. It must be due to some fault in ourselves.It was very neatly written. then the pigeons reported that they had seen her on the other side of Willingdon. comrades. Clover was a stout motherly mare approaching middle life. They were lust coming down the stairs when Mollie was discovered to be missing. besides supplying every stall with its own electric light. They rushed back and looked through the window again. had agreed to act as intermediary between Animal Farm and the outside world. Then the sheep broke out into a tremendous bleating of "Four legs good. But the most terrifying spectacle of all was Boxer. and the plan which Snowball had drawn on the floor of the incubator shed had actually been stolen from among Napoleon's papers. it was rumoured that a corner of the large pasture was to be fenced off and turned into a grazing-ground for superannuated animals.""That is the true spirit. Jones.

 who were manifestly cleverer than the other animals. In the evening Squealer called them together. At the same time there were renewed rumours that Frederick and his men were plotting to attack Animal Farm and to destroy the windmill. Jones got back he immediately went to sleep on the drawing-room sofa with the News of the World over his face. our dung fertilises it."But at this moment the three cows. was shown in the fact that he trusted nobody. with Snowball at the head of them. the others found that she had remained behind in the best bedroom.Throughout the year the animals worked even harder than they had worked in the previous year To rebuild the windmill.Comrade Napoleon!Had I a sucking-pig. it was said.Though we die before it break;Cows and horses. who had seemed uneasy for some time past. with half a dozen guns between them. Sentinels were placed at all the approaches to the farm. and which stood beyond the kitchen. but they were weary and bleeding. which meant collecting much larger quantities of stone. who had remained on his feet. was puzzled."Now. There was a cry of indignation. At this Snowball sprang to his feet. comrade? Have we not driven the enemy off our soil-the sacred soil of Animal Farm? ""But they have destroyed the windmill. as though not quite used to supporting his considerable bulk in that position."My sight is failing.

 The field beyond the orchard had already been sown with barley. And yet. said that he refused to meddle in such matters. and such animals as were tall enough peered in at the dining-room window. But the problem the animals could not at first solve was how to break up the stone into pieces of suitable size. The execution of the traitors this afternoon was the final act. and if anyone complained (as a few animals sometimes did. and two fields which should have been sown with roots in the early summer were not sown because the ploughing had not been completed early enough. and his great haunches seemed to have shrunken. when the animals assembled to receive their orders. that sooner or later justice will be done. which appeared even more beautiful in their eyes than when it had been built the first time. Pilkington's before emptying it.For the next two days Boxer remained in his stall. A week later Napoleon gave orders that the small paddock beyond the orchard. All the other male pigs on the farm were porkers. to utilise the force of gravity. and everyone began thinking out ways of catching Snowball if he should ever come back. They had had a hard year. After the harvest there was a stretch of clear dry weather. The animals slain in the battle were given a solemn funeral. comrades. and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which.Now. "I will work harder" and "Napoleon is always right. The cat joined the Re-education Committee and was very active in it for some days. was so great that it would have taken a lot of failures to outweigh it.

 Then there were lamp oil and candles for the house. the pension would be five pounds of corn a day and. which were to be handed over before the timber was removed. and. on a pleasant evening when the animals had finished work and were making their way back to the farm buildings."Comrades. the tame raven. Pilkington; he was also going to enter into a regular agreement for the exchange of certain products between Animal Farm and Foxwood. Frequently it took a whole day of exhausting effort to drag a single boulder to the top of the quarry. comrades." said Squealer stiffly. In their spare moments the animals would walk round and round the half-finished mill. He took them up into a loft which could only be reached by a ladder from the harness-room. And sure enough. some of the animals might possibly have protested. Unfortunate incidents had occurred. and how he had not paused for an instant even when the pellets from Jones's gun had wounded his back. Pilkington and Mr. with various other improvements. the other could be counted on to oppose it. give several deep sniffs. Every mouthful of food was an acute positive pleasure. they knew every inch of the field. These two had great difficulty in thinking anything out for themselves. flung themselves flat on their bellies and hid their faces.Purer shall its waters be. No argument must lead you astray.

 But the Rebellion is now completed. and fresh precautions for Napoleon's safety were taken. Mr. and with a hard effort managed to formulate his thoughts. Napoleon sent for pots of black and white paint and led the way down to the five-barred gate that gave on to the main road. when the corn was cut and stacked and some of it was already threshed. The dogs immediately made a ring round Squealer. Clover was a stout motherly mare approaching middle life. Several of them would have protested if they could have found the right arguments. Jones. but he had ordered a large wreath to be made from the laurels in the farmhouse garden and sent down to be placed on Boxer's grave. these projects were a failure. they had to tread it out in the ancient style and blow away the chaff with their breath. was not good at getting up in the mornings." This was merely a legend which had been spread some time after the Battle of the Cowshed by Snowball himself. Jones feeds us. they had developed a certain respect for the efficiency with which the animals were managing their own affairs. None of the animals could form any idea as to what this meant. comrades.In January there came bitterly hard weather. "Tactics. the great battles in which the human invaders had been defeated. with his nine huge dogs frisking round him and uttering growls that sent shivers down all the animals' spines. but he was still a majestic-looking pig. He paced up and down without a word.Once again the animals were conscious of a vague uneasiness. Then a sheep confessed to having urinated in the drinking pool-urged to do this.

 In a moment he was out of the door and they were after him. There had also been a very strange custom. the other animals following at a respectful distance. for which privacy was needed. Animal Farm was proclaimed a Republic. it was noticed. They all remembered. a hawthorn bush being planted on her grave. The sheep were the greatest devotees of the Spontaneous Demonstration. was smaller and better kept. and his great sides matted with sweat. were reduced again in February. And-I was a long way away. The banknotes were forgeries! Frederick had got the timber for nothing!Napoleon called the animals together immediately and in a terrible voice pronounced the death sentence upon Frederick. Huge boulders. he would ask the company to rise to their feet and make certain that their glasses were full. first Class. He would be only too happy to let you make your decisions for yourselves. the animals were still unfed. the pension would be five pounds of corn a day and. listening to him. but in a different form. Frederick had wanted to pay for the timber with something called a cheque. Napoleon himself. he said. flung it down in the yard and rushed straight into the farmhouse. saying that he would make himself responsible for their education.